> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://chain-dimension.gitbook.io/dimensionchain/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://chain-dimension.gitbook.io/dimensionchain/about-dimensionchain/core-technologies/consensus-mechanism.md). # Consensus mechanism DimensionChain uses the CBC-Casper POS (CBC: Correct By Construction) consensus mechanism. This is a more modern proof-of-stake (PoS) model that can significantly speed up the transaction processing time in the network. The Casper CBC (CBC: Correct By Construction) protocol differs from traditional protocol designs in that (1) The agreement was only partially agreed at the beginning (2) The rest of the protocol needs to be obtained empirically, i.e., by demonstrating that it satisfies the required characteristics. Casper requires the verifier to bet a large portion of the margin on the consensus outcome. The consensus outcome is shaped by the verifier's bets: the verifier must guess which block others will bet on to win, and bet on that block as well. If they get it right, they get back their margin plus transaction fees; if the bets are not agreed upon quickly, they get back only part of their margin. Thus after a few rounds the distribution of bets placed by the verifier converges. In addition, if a verifier changes his bets too significantly, for example by betting on a block with a high probability of winning and then changing his bet to another block with a high probability of winning, he will be severely punished. This rule ensures that the verifier only bets with a high probability when he is very sure that others also think that a block has a high probability of winning. We use this mechanism to ensure that the bets do not converge to one outcome and then to another, as long as there are enough validators. The verifier bets independently on each candidate block at each height, assigning a winning probability to each block and announcing it. By repeatedly placing bets, the verifier selects the only winning block for each height, and this process also determines the order in which the transactions are executed. If a verifier posts a probability distribution at a height that sums to more than 100%, or posts a probability less than 0%, or assigns a probability greater than 0% to an invalid block, Casper will forfeit his margin. --- # Agent Instructions This documentation is published with GitBook. GitBook is the documentation platform designed so that both humans and AI agents can read, navigate, and reason over technical content effectively. Learn more at gitbook.com. ## Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter: ``` GET https://chain-dimension.gitbook.io/dimensionchain/about-dimensionchain/core-technologies/consensus-mechanism.md?ask= ``` The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.